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ข้อสอบ gmat

ข้อสอบ gmat
ข้อสอบ gmat

รายละเอียดของข้อสอบ GMAT

รายละเอียดของข้อสอบ GMAT
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Graduate Management Admission Test หรือข้อสอบ GMAT เป็นข้อสอบที่ใช้วัดความสามารถของผู้ที่ต้องการเข้าศึกษาในระดับปริญญาโทและปริญญาเอกสาขาบริหารธุรกิจซึ่งรวมทั้ง MBA, M.S. Marketing, M.S. Finance, MIS (สำหรับสาขา MIS ของบางมหาวิทยาลัยอาจต้องใช้คะแนน GRE แทน), DBA, และ Ph.D. ด้านบริหารธุรกิจส่วนใหญ่ต้องใช้คะแนน GMAT ในการพิจารณารับนักศึกษา

ภาพรวมของข้อสอบ
เป็นการวัดความรู้ในการสื่อสารซึ่งรวมทั้งการอ่านและการเขียน, ทักษะการวิเคราะห์, และ ทักษะในการคำนวณ ที่จะสามารถใช้เป็นเครื่องชี้วัดความสำเร็จในการเรียนต่อทางด้านบริหารธุรกิจ
จาก website ของผู้ออกข้อสอบ
www.mba.com ระบุไว้ชัดเจนว่าข้อสอบ GMAT ไม่สามารถใช้วัดความสามารถในเรื่องต่อไปนี้

• ความรู้เฉพาะทางของธุรกิจเช่น มาตรฐานของบัญชี หรือ กฎหมายธุรกิจ
• ทักษะเฉพาะด้านของงาน (specific job skill) หรือเนื้อหาจากบทเรียนระดับปริญญาตรีด้านบัญชีและบริหาร
• คุณสมบัติอื่นของการเป็นนักธุรกิจที่ดีเช่นความมุ่งมั่น, ความคิดริเริ่มสร้างสรรค์, และความสามารถในการทำงานร่วมกับผู้อื่น

รูปแบบของข้อสอบและเวลา
ข้อสอบ GMAT ประกอบด้วยข้อสอบ 3 ส่วนคือ 1. การเขียน (Analytical Writing Assessment) 2. คณิตศาสตร์ (Quantitative) และ 3. ภาษาอังกฤษ (Verbal)

ข้อสอบการเขียน (AWA)
ข้อสอบ GMATเริ่มจากการทำข้อสอบเขียนก่อนเสมอ โดยจะมีรูปแบบของข้อสอบ 2 ลักษณะได้แก่ 1.การเขียนเพื่อแสดงความคิดเห็น (Issue) และ 2.การเขียนเพื่อแสดงวิจารณ์บทความ (Argument) ผู้เข้าสอบจะมีเวลา 30 นาทีต่อหนึ่ง essay

ข้อสอบคณิตศาสตร์ (Quantitative)
หลังจากการพักจากข้อสอบการเขียน 10 นาที ผู้เข้าสอบจะต้องทำโจทย์เลขแบบ multiple-choice จำนวน 37 ข้อโดยมีรูปแบบของข้อสอบสองลักษณะนั้นคือ 1. Problem Solving ~24 ข้อ และ 2. Data Sufficiency ~13 ข้อ โดยมีเวลาทำข้อสอบทั้งสิ้น 75 นาที คอมพิวเตอร์จะหยุดการทำงานทันทีเมื่อเวลาหมด

ข้อสอบภาษาอังกฤษ (Verbal)
หลังจากการพักจากข้อสอบคณิตศาสตร์แล้ว ผู้เข้าสอบสามารถพักหรือทำข้อสอบภาษาอังกฤษ (Verbal) ต่อเนื่องเลยได้ โดยข้อสอบส่วนนี้จะเป็นโจทย์แบบ multiple-choice จำนวน 41 ข้อโดยมีรูปแบบของข้อสอบสามลักษณะนั้นคือ 1. การอ่าน (Reading Comprehension) ~14 ข้อ 2. การวิเคราะห์ (Critical Reasoning) ~14 ข้อและ 3. ไวยกรณ์และการเขียน (Sentence Correction) ~13 ข้อ โดยมีเวลาทำข้อสอบทั้งสิ้น 75 นาที คอมพิวเตอร์จะหยุดการทำงานทันทีเมื่อเวลาหมด

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ตัวอย่างข้อสอบGmat

Example:

The rise in negative attitudes toward foreigners indicate that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore that the opportunities are ripe for extremist groups to exploit the illegal immigration problem.

(A) indicate that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore that
(B) indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore
(C) indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore that
(D) indicates that the country is being less tolerant, and therefore
(E) indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant of and therefore that

Choice (A) has two flaws. First, the subject of the sentence the rise is singular, and therefore the verb indicate should not be plural. Second, the comma indicates that the sentence is made up of two independent clauses, but the relative pronoun that immediately following therefore forms a subordinate clause.

Choice (C) corrects the number of the verb, but retains the subordinating relative pronoun that.

Choice (D) corrects the number of the verb and eliminates the subordinating relative pronoun that. However, the verb being is less descriptive than the verb becoming: As negative attitudes toward foreigners increase, the country becomes correspondingly less tolerant. Being does not capture this notion of change.

Choice (E) corrects the verb's number, and by dropping the comma makes the subordination allowable. However, it introduces the preposition of which does not have an object: less tolerant of what?

Choice (B) both corrects the verb's number and removes the subordinating relative pronoun that. The answer is (B).

ศึกษาข้อมูลก่อนสอบ gmat

Friday, April 25, 2008

ตัวอย่างข้อสอบ gmat PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

The passive voice removes the subject from the sentence. It is formed with the verb to be and the past participle of the main verb.

Passive: The bill was resubmitted.

Active: The Senator has resubmitted the bill.

Unless you want to de-emphasize the doer of an action, you should favor the active voice.

Example:
In the past few years and to this day, many teachers of math and science had chosen to return to the private sector.

(A) had chosen to return to the private sector.
(B) having chosen to return to the private sector.
(C) chose to return to the private sector.
(D) have chosen to return to the private sector.
(E) have chosen returning to the private sector.

Choice (A) is incorrect because it uses the past perfect had chosen, which describes an event that has been completed before another event. But the sentence implies that teachers have and are continuing to return to the private sector. Hence, the present perfect tense should be used.

Choice (B) is incorrect because it uses the present progressive tense having chosen, which describes an ongoing event. Although this is the case, it does not capture the fact that the event began in the past.

Choice (C) is incorrect because it uses the simple past chose, which describes a past event. But again, the sentence implies that the teachers are continuing to opt for the private sector.

Choice (D) is the correct answer because it uses the present perfect have chosen to describe an event that occurred in the past and is continuing into the present.

Choice (E) is incorrect because it leaves the thought in the sentence uncompleted.

IDIOM & USAGE

Accept/Except:

Accept means "to agree to" or "to receive." Except means "to object to" or "to leave out."

We will accept (receive) your manuscript for review.

No parking is allowed, except (leave out) on holidays.

Account for:

When explaining something, the correct idiom is account for:

We had to account for all the missing money.

When receiving blame or credit, the correct idiom is account to:

You will have to account to the state for your crimes.

Adapted to/for/from

Adapted to means "naturally suited for." Adapted for means "created to be suited for." Adapted from means "changed to be suited for."

The polar bear is adapted to the subzero temperatures.

For any "New Order" to be successful, it must be adapted for the continually changing world power structure.

Lucas' latest release is adapted from the 1950 B-movie "Attack of the Amazons."

Affect/Effect:

Effect is a noun meaning "a result."

Increased fighting will be the effect of the failed peace conference.

Affect is a verb meaning "to influence."

The rain affected their plans for a picnic.

All ready vs. Already

All ready means "everything is ready."

Already means "earlier."

Alot vs. A lot

Alot is nonstandard; a lot is the correct form.

Among/Between:

Between should be used when referring to two things, and among should be used when referring to more than two things.

The young lady must choose between two suitors.

The fault is spread evenly among the three defendants.

Being that vs. Since:

Being that is nonstandard and should be replaced by since.

(Faulty) Being that darkness was fast approaching, we had to abandon the search.

(Better) Since darkness was fast approaching, we had to abandon the search.

Beside/Besides:

Adding an s to beside completely changes its meaning: Beside means "next to." Besides means "in addition."

We sat beside (next to) the host.

Besides (in addition), money was not even an issue in the contract negotiations.

Center on vs. Center around

Center around is colloquial. It should not be used in formal writing.

(Faulty) The dispute centers around the effects of undocumented workers.

(Correct) The dispute centers on the effects of undocumented workers.

Conform to (not with):

Stewart's writing does not conform to standard literary conventions.

Consensus of opinion

Consensus of opinion is redundant: consensus means "general agreement."

Correspond to/with:

Correspond to means "in agreement with":

The penalty does not correspond to the severity of the crime.

Correspond with means "to exchange letters":

He corresponded with many of the top European leaders of his time.

Different from/Different than:

The preferred form is different from. Only in rare cases is different than acceptable.

The new Cadillacs are very different from the imported luxury cars.

Double negatives:

(Faulty) Scarcely nothing was learned during the seminar.

(Better) Scarcely anything was learned during the seminar.

Doubt that vs. Doubt whether

Doubt whether is nonstandard.

(Faulty) I doubt whether his new business will succeed.

(Correct) I doubt that his new business will succeed.

Farther/Further:

Use farther when referring to distance, and use further when referring to degree.

They went no further (degree) than necking.

He threw the discs farther (distance) than the top seated competitor.

Fewer/Less:

Use fewer when referring to a number of items. Use less when referring to a continuous quantity.

In the past, we had fewer options.

The impact was less than what was expected.

Identical with (not to):

This bid is identical with the one submitted by you.

In contrast to (not of):

In contrast to the conservative attitudes of her time, Mae West was quite provocative.

Independent of (not from):

The judiciary is independent of the other branches of government.

Not only . . . but also:

In this construction, but cannot be replaced with and.

(Faulty) Peterson is not only the top salesman in the department and also the most proficient.

(Correct) Peterson is not only the top salesman in the department but also the most proficient.

On account of vs. Because:

Because is always better than the circumlocution on account of.

(Poor) On account of his poor behavior, he was expelled.

(Better) Because he behaved poorly, he was expelled.

One another/Each other:

Each other should be used when referring to two things, and one another should be used when referring to more than two things.

The members of the basketball team (more than two) congratulated one another on their victory.

The business partners (two) congratulated each other on their successful first year.

Plus vs. And:

Do not use plus as a conjunction meaning and.

(Faulty) His contributions to this community are considerable, plus his character is beyond reproach.

(Correct) His contributions to this community are considerable, and his character is beyond reproach.

Note: Plus can be used to mean and so long as it is not being used as a conjunction.

(Acceptable) His generous financial contribution plus his donated time has made this project a success.

In this sentence, plus is being used as a preposition. Note, the verb has is singular because an intervening prepositional phrase (plus his donated time) does not affect subject verb agreement.

Regard vs. Regards:

Unless you are giving best wishes to someone, you should use regard.

(Faulty) In regards to your letter, we would be interested in distributing your product.

(Correct) In regard to your letter, we would be interested in distributing your product.

Regardless vs. Irregardless

Regardless means "not withstanding." Hence, the "ir" in irregardless is redundant. Regardless is the correct form.

Retroactive to (not from):

The correct idiom is retroactive to:

The tax increase is retroactive to February.

Speak to/with:

To speak to someone is to tell them something:

We spoke to Jennings about the alleged embezzlement.

To speak with someone is to discuss something with them:

Steve spoke with his friend Dave for hours yesterday.

The reason is because:

This structure is redundant. Equally common and doubly redundant is the structure the reason why is because.

(Poor) The reason why I could not attend the party is because I had to work.

(Better) I could not attend the party because I had to work.

Whether vs. As to whether

The circumlocution as to whether should be replaced by whether.

(Poor) The United Nations has not decided as to whether to authorize a trade embargo.

(Better) The United Nations has not decided whether to authorize a trade embargo.

Whether vs. If

Whether introduces a choice; if introduces a condition. A common mistake is to use if to present a choice.

(Faulty) He inquired if we had decided to keep the gift.

(Correct) He inquired whether we had decided to keep the gift.

Example:
The studio's retrospective art exhibit refers back to a simpler time in American history.

(A) The studio's retrospective art exhibit refers back to
(B) The studio's retrospective art exhibit harkens back to
(C) The studio's retrospective art exhibit refers to
(D) The studio's retrospective art exhibit refers from
(E) The studio's retrospective art exhibit looks back to

Choice (A) is incorrect. Retrospective means looking back on the past. Hence, in the phrase refers back, the word back is redundant.

Choice (B) is incorrect because harkens back is also redundant.

Choice (C) is correct. Dropping the word back eliminates the redundancy.

Choice (D) is incorrect because the preposition from is non-idiomatic.

Choice (E) is incorrect because looks back is also redundant.

Note: One could argue that the phrase American history also makes the sentence redundant. However, it is not underlined in the sentence. It is not at all uncommon to find questionable structures in parts of the sentence that are not underlined. In fact, you may even find questionable structures in the underlined part of the sentence that are not corrected by any of the answer choices because the writers are testing a different mistake. Concern yourself with correcting only the underlined part of the sentence.

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